Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. 2010 document, map sheets and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6C Fairbanks, Alaska - USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 4 sheets, 1:63,360 scale http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=19743 During 2008 the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) conducted reconnaissance interpretive mapping of permafrost in Alaska Highway Corridor Segment 2, a 12-mi-wide (19.3-km-wide) corridor that straddles the Alaska Highway through the upper Tanana River valley from the eastern boundary of the Mt. Hayes Quadrangle to the eastern edge of the Tanacross Quadrangle. This work was an extension of permafrost mapping done in Alaska Highway Corridor Segment 1 from Delta Junction to Dot Lake in the Big Delta and Mt. Hayes Quadrangles during 2006-2007. Primarily, we inferred the extent of permafrost and ice content by interpreting ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978, August 1980, and July 1983. This report and map are a part of ADGGS's Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Geology and Geohazards project, funded by the state legislature, showing an interpretive evaluation of the presence or absence of permafrost in the study area. The study was done in anticipation of the proposed natural gas pipeline along the Alaska Highway corridor, as a preliminary look at the expected distribution of permafrost based on air photo interpretation. The work was designed to serve as the springboard for the detailed work which would be required if a pipeline were to be built along this corridor. Because of the dearth of subsurface data in most of the map area, our permafrost designations should be considered tentative until validated by multi-year ground-temperature measurements at a depth below the level of annual temperature variation. The layers listed below are present as ArcGIS shape files. To enhance print quality, this publication utilized a vector topography data set. The topography data set is not included with this release. Attribute information for the following layers (entities) is included in this metadata file under the "Entity_and_Attribute_Information" section. Basic unit information is also included in the unit code set file "PIR2009-6C_codeset.pdf". Each layer is listed and described in detail under its own heading starting "Entity_Type_Label." Layers include: >permafrostpolygons permafrost map unit polygons >pingos locations of pingos >report_locality locations of site discussed in the text >profile_line locations of profile discussed in the text >outline outline shape of the study area 197807 198008 198307 ground condition Complete None planned -144.000 -142.5 63.74115 62.16610 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Climate Change Engineering Geology Gasline Geologic Hazards Geologic Map Geological Process Geology Ice Permafrost Pingos Proposed Natural Gas Pipeline Remote Sensing Subsidence Thaw Lakes Transportation Corridor Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Alaska Highway Corridor Alaska Range Alaska, State of Dot Lake Robertson River Tanacross Tanacross Quadrangle Taylor Highway Tok Tok River None Pleistocene Quaternary Holocene This report, map, and/or dataset are available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys GIS Data Manager/Cartographer mailing and physical

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Fairbanks AK 99709-3707 (907) 451-5029 (907) 451-5020 (907) 451-5050 dggspubs@alaska.gov You may view our web site at http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us for the latest information on available data. Please e-mail your questions and data requests when possible since our web site and e-mail address will remain current even if our phone number and mailing address change. This research was supported by Alaska State Capital Improvement Projects funding. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful review by Rod Combellick, and able cartographic assistance by Patricia Gallagher, Garrett Speeter, and Gail Davidson. Much of the work was carried out under the direction of Diana Solie and her leadership was greatly appreciated. Microsoft Windows XP SP2, ArcGIS 9.+ Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. Carver, G.C. 2010 document, map sheets and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6A Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 4 sheets. 1:63,360 scale Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. 2010 map sheets, table and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6B Fairbanks, Alaska - USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 4 sheets, 1:63,360 scale Reger, R.D. Stevens, D.S.P. Solie, D.N. 2008 document, map sheets and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3A Fairbanks, AK, USA Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360 Reger, R.D. Solie, D.N. 2008 document, map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3B Fairbanks, AK, USA Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360 Reger, R.D. Solie, D.N. 2008 document, map sheets and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 10 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360 This dataset utilizes ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978, August 1980, and July 1983 to infer permafrost and ice content boundaries. This report uses the definition of permafrost as rock or soil that remains continuously colder than 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) for two years or longer. The presence or former presence of permafrost and the ground-ice content were inferred from several indicators, including vegetation, slope and aspect, landform, soil type, local drainage, and terrain features, such as open-system pingos, polygonal ground, and thermokarst pits, gullies, and ponds (see lineage reference - Kreig and Reger, 1982). Permafrost classifications in areas that were burned just prior to aerial photography dates are less reliable than in unburned areas because the vegetation was destroyed or significantly altered and, in these areas, interpretation of permafrost was based only on landform and setting, which are less diagnostic than vegetation. During the 2008 field season we excavated and examined soil pits at selected locations to ground check unit descriptions and contacts. Because of the dearth of subsurface data in most of the map area, our permafrost designations should be considered tentative until validated by multi-year ground-temperature measurements at a depth below the level of annual temperature variation. To check attribute accuracy of the digital files we visually compared the original compilation against test plots of the files and corrected discrepancies between the digital geospatial dataset and the original analog as needed. The geologic interpretations presented in this report have undergone two technical reviews by a geologist familiar with the subject of the report and the geology of the map area. We incorporated the reviewer's suggestions into the final draft when deemed appropriate. Polygon topology is present and clean on the original geospatial dataset. All polygon features were topologically validated using the ESRI ArcGIS 9.+ software prior to export to shape file format. The logical consistency of the point files has been visually checked but not systematically verified. The shapefiles in this dataset designate ice content, location, and presence of permafrost and pingos discussed in the report. The data set utilizes field observations and air photo interpretations to locate and characterize the permafrost extent and features. It includes geospatial information about units traceable on air photos at a scale of ~1:65000 and/or in the field. The permafrost interpretations were first hand-drawn, using a magnifying stereoscope, onto acetate air-photo overlays at the scale of the air-photos (approximately inch-to-the-mile). The accuracy of the map unit boundary and point locations varies due to the scale and interpretive nature of the mapping and pen line width of approximately 0.001 meter which is equivalent to approximately 1.5 meters on the ground. The hand drawn map unit boundaries and point locations are expected to be accurate to at least 150 meters. Following interpretation, acetate overlays were then individually scanned and orthorectified, using Orthomapper, v. 3.6, and georeferenced. The air-photos were orthorectified, photomosaiced and georeferenced. Permafrost unit and point locations boundaries were digitized on-screen into ArcGIS from the orthorectified overlays at a scale more detailed than 1:63,360, using a combination of a USGS topographic 1:63.360 map layer and the air-photo photomosaic layer to verify the position of the lines and points. Map error is induced by: (1) Scanning and orthorectifying air photos and overlays. The digitizing RMS error (30 control points on a regular grid have an average RMS error of 14.0 meters on the ground; individual control point error ranges from 2.9 to 24.0 meters on the ground) 2) Onscreen digitizing from orthorectified overlays. The accuracy of the human operator digitizing polylines and point localities is related to the accuracy of interpretations from the orthorectified photos and overlays. Total horizontal error in the map unit boundaries is estimated to be less than 175 meters. Locations on the map that are discussed in the text were recorded using a Garmin GPS model 76CSx and their accuracy is related to horizontal error of the GPS which is 4 meters or less. Kreig, R.A. Reger, R.D. 1982 document Geologic Report GR 66 Fairbanks, Alaska Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys paper 1982 publication date Kreig and Reger, 1982 This publication served as a guide for interpretation of aerial photographs for surficial deposits. U.S. Geological Survey 1948 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 All Topo software 1948 ground condition USGS Tanacross A-4, 1948 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1949 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 All Topo software 1949 ground condition USGS Tanacross B-4, 1949 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1948 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey scale 1:63,360 63360 All Topo software 1948 ground condition USGS Tanacross B-5, 1948 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1949 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey scale 1:63,360 63360 All Topo software 1949 ground condition USGS Tanacross B-6, 1949 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1955 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey scale 1:63,360 63360 All Topo software 1955 ground condition USGS Tanacross C-6, 1955 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1978 prints and digital files unknown U. S. Geological Survey 65000 photographic print 197807 ground condition AHAP Aerial Photography aerial photography used in map unit interpretation Black, R.F. 1976 document Quaternary Research v. 6, No. 1 p. 3-26 paper 1976 publication date Black, 1976 Contains information about features indicative of permafrost Ferrians, O.J., Jr. 1965 map Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-445 Menlo Park, CA, USA U.S. Geological Survey 1 map sheet, scale 1:2,500,000 2500000 paper 1965 publication date Ferrians, 1965 Generalized permafrost map of Alaska Ferrians, O.J. Kachadoorian, R. Greene, G.W. 1969 document U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper P 678 37 p. paper 1969 publication date Ferrians and others, 1969 Contains information about permafrost as it relates to engineering problems Pewe, T. L. 1975 document U.S. Geological Survey Profession Paper P 835 145 p paper 1975 publication date Pewe, 1975 Contains information about the Quaternary in Alaska Reger, R.D. Stevens, D.S.P. Solie, D.N. 2008 document Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C Fairbanks, AK Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 map sheets, scale 1:63,360 63360 paper 2008 publication date Reger and others, 2008 contains information about interpreted permafrost in adjoining map area. Brown, J. Ferrians, O.J. Jr. Heginbottom, J.A. Melnikov, E.S. 1997 document U.S. Geological Survey Circum-pacific Map CP-45 1 map sheet, Scale 1:2,500,000 paper 1997 publication date Brown and others, 1997 Contains information about permafrost and ground ice conditions in the circum arctic region Aerial photograph interpretation and compilation of existing work. Geologic data from published and unpublished mapping of the target region and adjacent regions were compiled. Stereo pairs of ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978, August 1980, and July 1983 were used to interpret the presence and condition of permafrost. Interpreted proxy data include vegetation, slope and aspect, landforms, geology, local drainage, and terrain features. Unit boundaries were drawn by hand onto acetate overlays, using a magnifying stereoscope. Overlays were registered to aerial photos using tick marks on the photos. The air-photos and scanned overlays were orthorectified, photomosaiced and georeferencedusing Orthomapper 3.6. Permafrost unit boundaries were digitized on-screen into ArcGIS 9+ from the orthorectified overlays at a scale more detailed than 1:63,360, using a combination of a USGS topographic 1:63.360 map layer and the air-photo photomosaic layer to verify the position of the lines. Permafrost map polygons and lines were then edited and attributed using ArcMap 9+ Black, 1976 Brown and others, 1997 Ferrians, 1965 Ferrians and others, 1969 Kreig and Reger, 1982 Pewe, 1975 Reger and others, 2008 USGS Tanacross A-4, 1948 USGS Tanacross B-4, 1949 USGS Tanacross B-5, 1948 USGS Tanacross B-6, 1949 USGS Tanacross C-6, 1949 AHAP Aerial Photography 2008 Fieldwork - In July-August 2008, to verify aerial photo interpretations, localities of varying permafrost conditions were visited in the field to observe surface conditions. In addition, several pits were dug using shovels to maximum depth of 1.5 meters to observe soil profiles and whether frozen soil was present. 2008 Map compilation - The permafrost map was compiled using field notes from fieldwork process step (above), all known geologic data from previous work in the general region and by additional aerial photograph interpretation. Changes to unit boundaries, after field work, were completed in ArcGIS 9+. GIS files were exported and Adobe Illustrator was used to create the final map layout. 2009 Metadata creation - Metadata were assembled by T.D. Hubbard to FGDC Standards using Metavist 1.2, DGGS 7.05, a data entry program for FGDC metadata with XML output. 2009 Vector Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.000001 0.000001 meters permafrostpolygons Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.0000001 0.0000001 meters pingos Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000 0 coordinate pair 0.0000001 0.0000001 meters outline Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141 0 500000 0 coordinate pair 0.0000001 0.0000001 meters report_locality Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -180.0 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.000000001 0.00000000000000001 meters profile_line North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.978698 permafrostpolygons permafrostpolygons.shp permafrost map unit polygons Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys MapUnit Label of map unit shown on map signifying interpreted extent and amount of permafrost within polygon. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys PIR2009-6C_codeset.pdf Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/metadata/PIR2009-3C_codeset.pdf report_locality report_locality.shp Points identifying locations discussed in the report (PIR 2009-6c) Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys locality Locality label as shown on map Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys A LocLat Latitude of locality Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, see Spatial_Reference_Information N 63° 19' 9.1" Latitude location of locality A (degrees, minutes, seconds) Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys LocLong Longitude of locality Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, see Spatial_Reference_Information W 142° 37' 46.6" Longitude location of point A (degrees, minutes, seconds). Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys LocNorth northing Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, see Spatial_Reference_Information 7021993.074 Northing coordinate for location of point A (meters). Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys LocEast easting Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, see Spatial_Reference_Information 418361.832 Easting coordinate for location of point A (meters). Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Quadrangle quadrangle USGS topographic quadrangle sheets Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle Quadrangle location where point is located Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys pingos pingos.shp point location of pingos Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Id symbol identifying location of pingo on map Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys pingos shown on map outline outline.shp Polygon outlining boundary of map area Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys shape shape of polygon outlining map boundary Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys shape of map area profile line profile_line.shp profile line discussed in text Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys shape line showing location of profile discussed in text Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys profile line discussed in text State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Natural Resource Technician mailing and physical

3354 College Road

Fairbanks AK 99709-3707 USA 907-451-5020 None available. 907-451-5050 dggspubs@alaska.gov 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Please view our web site (http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. Preliminary Interpretive Report 2009-6C The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requester or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Current publication is available on paper. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Printed publication can be purchased for $XX.00 (contact information below) plus shipping if mailed. PDF 1.6 No compression applied http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=19743 ArcGIS Shapefile ESRI ArcGIS 9.x No compression applied http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/pubs?reqtype=citation&ID=19743 Digital files on CD-ROM are available for $10.00 (contact information below). No fees charged for downloaded files. Order by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). The DGGS web site (http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/) has a list of electronic data available and an order form that can be printed. Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Digital downloads: less than 30 minutes for most files. Offline CD/DVD-ROMs: 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Please check the MapInfo web site (http://www.mapinfo.com/) for the latest documentation on importing ESRI shape files. 20090930 20091005 20100513 State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Metadata Manager mailing and physical address

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Fairbanks AK 99709-3707 USA 907-451-5039 907-451-5050 dggspubs@alaska.gov 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays. Please contact us through the e-mail address above whenever possible. FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 none If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys.