Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. Gallagher, P.E. 2012 document, map sheets and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2012-1C Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 27 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23444 During 2009 the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) conducted reconnaissance interpretive mapping of permafrost in Alaska Highway Corridor Segment 3, a 12-mi-wide (19.3-km-wide) corridor that straddles the Alaska Highway through the Northway-Tanacross Lowland and the southern Yukon-Tanana Upland from Tetlin Junction to the Canada border. This work was an extension of permafrost mapping done in Alaska Highway Corridor Segment 1 from Delta Junction to Dot Lake in the Big Delta and Mt. Hayes Quadrangles during 2006-2007 and Alaska Highway Corridor Segment 2 from the Robertson River to Tetlin Junction in the Tanacross Quadrangles during 2008. Primarily, we inferred the extent of permafrost and ice content by interpreting ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978 and August 1981. This report and map are a part of ADGGS's Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Geology and Geohazards project, funded by the state legislature. They show an interpretive evaluation of the presence or absence of permafrost in the study area. The study was done in anticipation of the proposed natural gas pipeline along the Alaska Highway corridor, as a preliminary look at the expected distribution of permafrost based on air photo interpretation. The work was designed to serve as the springboard for the detailed work which would be required if a pipeline were to be built along this corridor. Because of the dearth of subsurface data in most of the map area, our permafrost designations should be considered tentative until validated by multi-year ground-temperature measurements at a depth below the level of annual temperature variation. To enhance print quality, this publication utilized a vector topography dataset. The topography dataset is not included with this release. The DGGS metadata standard extends the FGDC standard to include elements that are required to facilitate our internal data management. These elements, referred to as "layers," group and describe files that have intrinsic logical or topological relationships. The layers listed below are present as ArcGIS shape files. Layers are named to correspond with the names of the files. Attribute information for the following layers (entities) is included in this metadata file under the "Entity_and_Attribute_Information" section. Unit information and descriptions are included on each map sheet. Each layer is listed and described in detail under its own heading starting "Entity_Type_Label." Layers include: >permafrost-polygons: permafrost map unit polygons >pingos: locations of pingos >localities: locations of sites discussed in the text >border: outline shape of the study area 1978 1981 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ground condition Complete Unknown -142.5 -141 63.378 62.529 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Climate Change Engineering Geology Gasline Geologic Hazards Geologic Map Geological Process Geology Ice Permafrost Pingos Proposed Natural Gas Pipeline Remote Sensing Subsidence Thaw Lakes Transportation Corridor Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Alaska Highway Corridor Alaska, State of Tanacross Tanacross Quadrangle Nabesna Nabesna Quadrangle Tetlin Junction Canada Midway Lake Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge Beaver Creek Scottie Creek Tanana River Nabesna River Chisana River Northway Northway Junction Walker, J. D., and Geissman, J. W., compilers, 2009, Geologic Time Scale: Geological Society of America Pleistocene Quaternary Holocene This report, map, and/or dataset are available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below). Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys mailing and physical

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Fairbanks AK 99709-3707 907-451-5020 907-451-5050 dggspubs@alaska.gov You may view our web site at http://www.dggs.alaska.gov for the latest information on available data. Please e-mail your questions and data requests when possible. This research was supported by Alaska State Capital Improvement Projects funding. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful review by M. Torre Jorgenson, and able cartographic assistance by James Weakland. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 10; ESRI ArcGIS 10 Carver, G.A. Bemis, S.P. Solie, D.N. Castonguay, S.R. Obermiller, K.E. 2010 document Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2010-1 Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 42 p. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/21121 Carver, G.A. Bemis, S.P. Solie, D.N. Obermiller, K.E. 2008 document Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3D Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 32 p. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/17901 Hubbard, T.D. Reger, R.D. 2010 Map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6B Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 4 sheets, scale 1:63,360. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/19742 Hubbard, T.D. Reger, R.D. 201010 conference proceedings Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs vol. 42, No. 5 Boulder, CO Geological Society of America 703 p. Abstract on p. 310 Hubbard, T.D. Reger, R.D. Gallagher, P.E. 2011 conference proceedings Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 43, no. 5 Boulder, CO Geological Society of America p. 623 Koehler, R.D. Carver, G.A. Unknown document Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR Fairbanks, AK, USA Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys IN PRESS Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. 2009 conference proceedings Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs V. 41, No. 7 Boulder, CO Geological Society of America p. 637 Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. 2010 Document, map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6C Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 13 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:63,360. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/19743 Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. Carver, G.A. 2011 document, map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6A Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 53 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:63,360. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/19741 Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. Gallagher, P.E. Unknown Document, map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2012-1A Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360. Report included. IN PRESS Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. Gallagher, P.E. Unknown Document, map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2012-1B Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360. Report included. IN PRESS Reger, R.D. Solie, D.N. 2008 map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3B Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/17981 Reger, R.D. Solie, D.N. 2008 Document, map sheet and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C Fairbanks, AK, USA State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 10 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/17621 Reger, R.D. Stevens, D.S.P Solie, D.N. 2008 documents, map sheets and vector digital data Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3A Fairbanks, AK, USA Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360 Reger, R.D. Stevens, D.S.P Solie, D.N. 2008 conference proceedings Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 40, no. 1 Boulder, CO Geological Society of America p. 36. This dataset utilizes ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978 and August 1980 to infer permafrost and ice content boundaries. This report uses the definition of permafrost as rock or soil that remains continuously colder than 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) for two years or longer. The presence or former presence of permafrost and the ground-ice content were inferred from several indicators, including vegetation, slope and aspect, land-form, soil type, local drainage, and terrain features, such as open-system pingos, polygonal ground, and thermokarst pits, gullies, and ponds (see lineage reference - Kreig and Reger, 1982). Permafrost classifications in areas that were burned just prior to aerial photography dates are less reliable than in unburned areas because the vegetation was destroyed or significantly altered and, in these areas, interpretation of permafrost was based only on land form and setting, which are less diagnostic than vegetation. During the 2009 field season we excavated and examined soil pits at selected locations to ground check unit descriptions and contacts. Because of the dearth of subsurface data in most of the map area, our permafrost designations should be considered tentative until validated by multi-year ground-temperature measurements at a depth below the level of annual temperature variation. To check attribute accuracy of the digital files we visually compared the original compilation against test plots of the files and corrected discrepancies between the digital geospatial dataset and the original analog as needed. The geologic interpretations presented in this report have undergone technical review by a geologist familiar with the subject of permafrost. We incorporated the reviewer's suggestions into the final draft when deemed appropriate. Polygon topology is present and clean on the original geospatial dataset. All polygon features were topologically validated using the ESRI ArcGIS 10 software prior to export to shape file format. The logical consistency of the point files has been visually checked but not systematically verified. The shapefiles in this dataset designate ice content, location, and presence of permafrost and pingos discussed in the report. The data set utilizes field observations and air photo interpretations to locate and characterize the permafrost extent and features. It includes geospatial information about units traceable on air photos at a scale of ~1:65000 and/or in the field. The permafrost interpretations were first hand-drawn, using a magnifying stereoscope, onto acetate air-photo overlays at the scale of the air-photos (approximately inch-to-the-mile). The accuracy of the map unit boundary and point locations varies due to the scale and interpretive nature of the mapping and pen line width of approximately 0.001 meter which is equivalent to approximately 1.5 meters on the ground. The hand drawn map unit boundaries and point locations are expected to be accurate to at least 150 meters. Following interpretation, acetate overlays were then individually scanned and orthorectified, using Orthomapper, v. 3.6, and georeferenced. The air-photos were orthorectified, photomosaiced and georeferenced. Permafrost unit and point locations boundaries were digitized on-screen into ArcGIS from the orthorectified overlays at a scale more detailed than 1:63,360, using a combination of a USGS topographic 1:63.360 map layer and the air-photo photo-mosaic layer to verify the position of the lines and points. Map error is induced by: (1) Scanning and orthorectifying air photos and overlays 2) On-screen digitizing from orthorectified overlays. The accuracy of the human operator digitizing polylines and point localities is related to the accuracy of interpretations from the orthorectified photos and overlays. Total horizontal error in the map unit boundaries is estimated to be less than 175 meters. U.S. Geological Survey 1972 map Washington D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 1 Sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1952 1971 ground condition USGS Tanacross A-1, 1952- minor revisions 1971 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1974 map Washington D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1955 1972 ground condition USGS Tanacross A-2, 1955- minor revisions 1972 base map U.S. Geological Survey 2000 map Washington D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 63360 USGS topo map 1948 2000 ground condition USGS Tanacross A-3, 1948- minor revisions 2000 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1967 map Washington D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1949 1964 ground condition USGS Tanacross B-3, 1949- minor revisions 1964 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1963 map Washington D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1955 1963 ground condition USGS Nabesna C-1, 1955- minor revisions 1963 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1967 map Washington D.C U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1952 1967 ground condition USGS Nabesna D-1, 1952- minor revisions 1967 base map U.S. Geological Survey 1978 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1955 1978 ground condition USGS Nabesna D-2, 1955- minor revisions 1978 base map U.S. Geological Survey 2000 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey 1 sheet 63360 USGS topo map 1955 2000 ground condition USGS Nabesna D-3, 1955- minor revisions 2000 base map Brown, J. Ferrians, O.J., Jr. Heginbottom, J.A. Melnikov, E.S. 1977 document U.S. Geological Survey Circum-pacific Map CP-45 1 map sheet, Scale 1:2,500,000 paper 1997 publication date Brown and others, 1997 Contains information about permafrost and ground ice conditions in the circum arctic region Ferrians, O.J., Jr. 1965 map Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-445 Menlo Park, CA, USA U.S. Geological Survey 1 map sheet, scale 1:2,500,000 2500000 paper 1965 publication date Ferrians, 1965 Generalized permafrost map of Alaska Ferrians, O.J. Kachadoorian, R. Greene, G.W. 1969 document U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper P 678 37 p. paper 1969 publication date Ferrians and others, 1969 Contains information about permafrost as it relates to engineering problems Kreig, R.A. Reger, R.D. 1982 document Geologic Report GR 66 Fairbanks, Alaska Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys paper 1982 publication date Kreig and Reger, 1982 This publication served as a guide for interpretation of aerial photographs for surficial deposits. Reger, R.D. Hubbard, T.D. 2010 document Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6C Fairbanks, AK Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 13 p., 4 sheets, scale 1:63,360. 63360 paper 2010 publication date Reger and Hubbard, 2010 Contains information about interpreted permafrost in adjoining map area. Reger, R.D. Stevens, D.S.P. Solie, D.N. 2008 document Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C Fairbanks, AK Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2 map sheets, scale 1:63,360 63360 paper 2008 publication date Reger and others, 2008 Contains information about interpreted permafrost in adjoining map area. Aerial photograph interpretation and compilation of existing work. DGGS authors compiled geologic data from published and unpublished mapping of the target region and adjacent regions. Stereo pairs of ~1:65,000-scale, false-color infrared Alaska High Altitude Aerial Photographs (AHAP) taken in July 1978 and August 1980 were used to interpret the presence and condition of permafrost. Interpreted proxy data include vegetation, slope and aspect, landforms, geology, local drainage, and terrain features. Unit boundaries were drawn by hand onto acetate overlays, using a magnifying stereoscope. Overlays were registered to aerial photos using tick marks on the photos. The air-photos and scanned overlays were orthorectified, photomosaiced and georeferenced using Orthomapper 3.6. Permafrost unit boundaries were digitized on-screen into ArcGIS 9+ from the orthorectified overlays at a scale more detailed than 1:63,360, using a combination of a USGS topographic 1:63.360 map layer and the air-photo photomosaic layer to verify the position of the lines. Permafrost map polygons and lines were then edited and attributed using ArcMap 9 and ArcMap10. Brown and others, 1997 Ferrians, 1965 Ferrians and others, 1969 Kreig and Reger, 1982 Reger and others, 2008 Reger and Hubbard, 2010 USGS Tanacross A-1, 1952 - minor revisions 1971 USGS Tanacross A-2, 1955 - minor revisions 1972 USGS Tanacross A-3, 1948 - minor revisions 1978 USGS Tanacross B-3, 1949 - minor revisions 1964 USGS Nabesna C-1, 1955 - minor revisions 1963 USGS Nabesna D-1, 1952 - minor revisions 1967 USGS Nabesna D-2, 1955 - minor revisions 1978 USGS Nabesna D-3, 1955 - minor revisions 2000 2008 Fieldwork - July-August 2009 - DGGS geologists visited localities of varying permafrost conditions in the field to observe surface conditions in order to verify aerial photo interpretations. In addition, they dug several pits, using shovels, to a maximum depth of 1.5 meters to observe soil profiles, determine whether frozen soil was present, and to collect samples for moisture content analysis. 2009 Map compilation - The permafrost map was compiled using: field notes from fieldwork process step (above), all known geologic data from previous work in the general region, and additional aerial photograph interpretation. Changes to unit boundaries, after field work, were completed in ArcGIS 9 and ArcGIS 10. The final map layout was created using ArcGIS 10. 2011 Metadata creation - Metadata were assembled by P.E. Gallagher to FGDC Standards using Metavist 1.2, DGGS 7.05, a data entry program for FGDC metadata with XML output. 2012 Vector Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.000001 0.000001 meters permafrost-polygons Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.000001 0.000001 meters pingos Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.000001 0.000001 meters border Universal Transverse Mercator 7 0.9996 -141.00000 0 500000.0 0 coordinate pair 0.000001 0.000001 meters localities North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.9786982 border pir2012-1c-border polygon outlining boundary of map area Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys localities pir2012-1c-localities Points identifying field localities discussed in this report (PIR 2012-1C) Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Label Label used to identify field localities Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Label: GC indicates Gardiner Creek locality, M indicates soil moisture locality, TM indicates temperature locality, and PES indicates permafrost experiment site Type Type of locality Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Gardiner Creek locality Gardiner Creek locality discussed in text This report Soil moisture locality Soil moisture locality discussed in text This report Temperature locality Temperature locality discussed in text This report Permafrost Experiment Site Permafrost experiment site discussed in text This report permafrost-polygons pir2012-1c-permafrost-polygons Permafrost map unit polygons. Boundaries of polygons are inferred. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys map_unit Permafrost map unit label shown on map and described in text. Note that "?" indicates questionable identification. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys PIR2012-1C, Explanation of Map Units Reger, R.D., Hubbard, T.D., and Gallagher, P.E., 2012, Reconnaissance interpretation of 1978-1981 permafrost, Alaska Highway corridor, Tetlin Junction to Canada border, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2012-1C, see Sheet 1 and Sheet 2 pingos pir2012-1c-pingos point locations of pingos Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys mailing and physical

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Fairbanks AK 99709-3707 USA 907-451-5020 907-451-5050 dggspubs@alaska.gov 8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidays Please view our website (http://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible. PIR 2012-1C The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof, or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requester or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turn around time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount. see http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23444 SHP http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23444 Free download 20120425 Metadata manager mailing and physical

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Fairbanks AK 99709-3707 USA 907-451-5020 FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 If the user has modified this metadata file in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent this metadata file, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. http://www.dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.ext dggs metadata extensions